{"id":11531,"date":"2025-06-12T17:53:32","date_gmt":"2025-06-12T15:53:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cms.zdv.uni-mainz.de\/fb02-theorie-politik\/?page_id=11531"},"modified":"2025-08-02T16:28:04","modified_gmt":"2025-08-02T14:28:04","slug":"conceptions-of-democracy","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/theorie.politik.uni-mainz.de\/en\/research\/conceptions-of-democracy\/","title":{"rendered":"Conceptions of Democracy among Political Elites and Citizens"},"content":{"rendered":"<jgu-base-pageheader react-props=\"{\n    &quot;items&quot;: [\n        {\n            &quot;box&quot;: {\n                &quot;index&quot;: &quot;Demokratiekonzeptionen von politischen Eliten und B\\u00fcrgerinnen und B\\u00fcrgern&quot;,\n                &quot;title&quot;: &quot;Conceptions of Democracy among Political Elites and Citizens&quot;,\n                &quot;link&quot;: {\n                    &quot;url&quot;: &quot;&quot;,\n                    &quot;title&quot;: &quot;learn more&quot;\n                }\n            },\n            &quot;color&quot;: &quot;default&quot;,\n            &quot;image&quot;: {\n                &quot;url&quot;: &quot;&quot;\n            },\n            &quot;imgCredit&quot;: &quot;&quot;,\n            &quot;useVideo&quot;: false,\n            &quot;video&quot;: false\n        }\n    ],\n    &quot;type&quot;: &quot;border&quot;,\n    &quot;useBreadcrumb&quot;: true,\n    &quot;align&quot;: &quot;full&quot;,\n    &quot;quicklinks&quot;: {\n        &quot;show&quot;: false,\n        &quot;selects&quot;: []\n    }\n}\">\n<\/jgu-base-pageheader>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Duration: 2022-2025, 2025-2026<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Project leader: <a href=\"https:\/\/theorie.politik.uni-mainz.de\/en\/team\/univ-prof-dr-claudia-landwehr\/\">Prof. Dr. Claudia Landwehr<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Project staff: <a href=\"https:\/\/theorie.politik.uni-mainz.de\/en\/?page_id=11617\">Leonard H\u00e4fner<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/theorie.politik.uni-mainz.de\/en\/team\/lea-stallbaum\/\">Lea Stallbaum<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<jgu-base-section react-props=\"{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;white&quot;,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;wide&quot;,&quot;padding&quot;:&quot;medium&quot;}\">\n<div class=\"jgu-bgsection bg bg-white\"><div class=\"content padding-medium\"><jgu-base-alertbox react-props=\"{\n    &quot;headline&quot;: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Latest news&lt;\\\/strong&gt;&quot;,\n    &quot;children&quot;: &quot;Our paper &lt;a href=\\&quot;https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.1177\\\/00323217241309965\\&quot;&gt;Institutional Design Preferences Among German and US Citizens: Results from a Factorial Survey Experiment&lt;\\\/a&gt;, joint work with our project partner Christopher Ojeda (UC Merced), was published online first at Political Studies on January 2, 2025!&quot;,\n    &quot;icon&quot;: &quot;bullhorn-solid&quot;,\n    &quot;headlineColor&quot;: &quot;dark&quot;,\n    &quot;subline&quot;: &quot;&quot;,\n    &quot;iconOverHeadline&quot;: false,\n    &quot;isPreview&quot;: false\n}\">\n    \n<\/jgu-base-alertbox>\n\n<jgu-base-button style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; column-gap: 30px; max-width: 100%; flex-direction: row; justify-content: left\">\n  \n<jgu-base-buttonitem react-props=\"{\n    &quot;text&quot;: &quot;Publications and lectures&quot;,\n    &quot;link&quot;: {\n        &quot;url&quot;: &quot;https:\\\/\\\/cms.zdv.uni-mainz.de\\\/fb02-theorie-politik\\\/en\\\/forschung\\\/conceptions-of-democracy\\\/#publikationen&quot;,\n        &quot;linkTarget&quot;: &quot;&quot;,\n        &quot;rel&quot;: &quot;&quot;\n    },\n    &quot;align&quot;: &quot;left&quot;,\n    &quot;styling&quot;: &quot;primary&quot;,\n    &quot;icon&quot;: &quot;arrow-right-solid&quot;,\n    &quot;type&quot;: &quot;default&quot;,\n    &quot;iconBefore&quot;: false,\n    &quot;isSmall&quot;: false,\n    &quot;fullWidth&quot;: false,\n    &quot;className&quot;: &quot;&quot;\n}\"><\/jgu-base-buttonitem>\n\n<jgu-base-buttonitem react-props=\"{\n    &quot;text&quot;: &quot;Events&quot;,\n    &quot;link&quot;: {\n        &quot;url&quot;: &quot;https:\\\/\\\/cms.zdv.uni-mainz.de\\\/fb02-theorie-politik\\\/en\\\/forschung\\\/conceptions-of-democracy\\\/#veranstaltungen&quot;,\n        &quot;linkTarget&quot;: &quot;&quot;,\n        &quot;rel&quot;: &quot;&quot;\n    },\n    &quot;align&quot;: &quot;left&quot;,\n    &quot;styling&quot;: &quot;primary&quot;,\n    &quot;icon&quot;: &quot;arrow-right-solid&quot;,\n    &quot;type&quot;: &quot;default&quot;,\n    &quot;iconBefore&quot;: false,\n    &quot;isSmall&quot;: false,\n    &quot;fullWidth&quot;: false,\n    &quot;className&quot;: &quot;&quot;\n}\"><\/jgu-base-buttonitem>\n\n<\/jgu-base-button>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"grid-template-columns:auto 27%\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>We have summarized the results of the first term of our project (2022-2025) on a scientific poster <a href=\"https:\/\/theorie.politik.uni-mainz.de\/files\/2025\/01\/Poster_ProjectResults.pdf\">(PDF version<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"724\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/theorie.politik.uni-mainz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/832\/2025\/06\/Poster_ProjectResults-scaled-1-724x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9729 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cms.zdv.uni-mainz.de\/fb02-theorie-politik\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/832\/2025\/06\/Poster_ProjectResults-scaled-1-724x1024.jpg 724w, https:\/\/cms.zdv.uni-mainz.de\/fb02-theorie-politik\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/832\/2025\/06\/Poster_ProjectResults-scaled-1-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/cms.zdv.uni-mainz.de\/fb02-theorie-politik\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/832\/2025\/06\/Poster_ProjectResults-scaled-1-768x1086.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cms.zdv.uni-mainz.de\/fb02-theorie-politik\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/832\/2025\/06\/Poster_ProjectResults-scaled-1-1087x1536.jpg 1087w, https:\/\/cms.zdv.uni-mainz.de\/fb02-theorie-politik\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/832\/2025\/06\/Poster_ProjectResults-scaled-1-1449x2048.jpg 1449w, https:\/\/cms.zdv.uni-mainz.de\/fb02-theorie-politik\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/832\/2025\/06\/Poster_ProjectResults-scaled-1.jpg 1811w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/jgu-base-section><jgu-base-section react-props=\"{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;light&quot;,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;wide&quot;,&quot;padding&quot;:&quot;medium&quot;}\">\n<div class=\"jgu-bgsection bg bg-light\"><div class=\"content padding-medium\"><jgu-base-heading react-props=\"{\n    &quot;index&quot;: &quot;&lt;br&gt;&quot;,\n    &quot;tags&quot;: {\n        &quot;htmlTag&quot;: &quot;h3&quot;,\n        &quot;classTag&quot;: &quot;&quot;,\n        &quot;tag&quot;: &quot;h3&quot;\n    },\n    &quot;heading&quot;: &quot;About the project&quot;,\n    &quot;textAlign&quot;: &quot;left&quot;,\n    &quot;anchor&quot;: &quot;&quot;,\n    &quot;color&quot;: &quot;red&quot;\n}\"><\/jgu-base-heading>\n\n\n\n<p>Over the last decade, concerns about the prospects of liberal democracy have intensified. With the rise of populist parties and candidates, democratic institutions have come to be attacked in the name of democracy itself. Apparently, different social groups and political parties mean different things when they call for more and better democracy. Our project &#8220;Conceptions of Democracy among Political Elites and Citizens&#8221; set out in 2022 to identify and understand competing normative conceptions of democracy in Germany and the United States. Arguing that any assessment of the state and resilience of democracy needs to be informed about what political actors mean by and expect from democracy, the project was based on the overarching assumption that conceptions of democracy evolve in reciprocal communicative processes between citizens and political elites. In order to trace results of these processes in citizen and elite attitudes as well as political communication, we conducted surveys among German and US citizens and legislators as well as a qualitative content analysis of party manifestos. In the second funding period, we will complement the project&#8217;s work packages with additional data and analyses: First, we will apply automated text analysis to analyze larger amounts of text and, in particular, parliamentary debates over the course of 25 years. Second, we will conduct an additional conjoint experiment to further elucidate relationships between normative conceptions of democracy and institutional design preferences. Third, we will complement our survey of federal and state legislators with a survey of elected representatives in local politics in Germany and the United States.        <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/jgu-base-section><jgu-base-section react-props=\"{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;light&quot;,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;wide&quot;,&quot;padding&quot;:&quot;medium&quot;}\">\n<div class=\"jgu-bgsection bg bg-light\"><div class=\"content padding-medium\"><jgu-base-heading react-props=\"{\n    &quot;anchor&quot;: &quot;publikationen&quot;,\n    &quot;tags&quot;: {\n        &quot;htmlTag&quot;: &quot;h3&quot;,\n        &quot;classTag&quot;: &quot;&quot;,\n        &quot;tag&quot;: &quot;h3&quot;\n    },\n    &quot;heading&quot;: &quot;Publications and lectures&quot;,\n    &quot;textAlign&quot;: &quot;left&quot;,\n    &quot;index&quot;: &quot;&quot;,\n    &quot;color&quot;: &quot;red&quot;\n}\"><\/jgu-base-heading>\n\n\n<jgu-base-heading react-props=\"{\n    &quot;index&quot;: &quot;&lt;br&gt;&quot;,\n    &quot;tags&quot;: {\n        &quot;htmlTag&quot;: &quot;h4&quot;,\n        &quot;classTag&quot;: &quot;&quot;,\n        &quot;tag&quot;: &quot;h4&quot;\n    },\n    &quot;heading&quot;: &quot;Publications&quot;,\n    &quot;textAlign&quot;: &quot;left&quot;,\n    &quot;anchor&quot;: &quot;&quot;,\n    &quot;color&quot;: &quot;red&quot;\n}\"><\/jgu-base-heading>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e4fner, Leonard (2025): Conceptions of Democracy and Styles of Representation Among Legislators in the United States and Germany, Representation, online first. DOI: 10.1080\/00344893.2025.2514516. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Landwehr, Claudia; Ojeda, Christopher; Stallbaum, Lea (2025): Institutional Design Preferences Among German and US Citizens: Results from a Factorial Survey Experiment. <em>Political Studies<\/em>, online first. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00323217241309965\">10.1177\/00323217241309965 <\/a><a href=\"\"><\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Landwehr, Claudia; Crowder-Meyer, Melody; H\u00e4fner, Leonard; Stallbaum, Lea; Weing\u00e4rtner, Paul (2024): American Legislator Survey 2023 (dataset). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7910\/DVN\/3H1YYH\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7910\/DVN\/3H1YYH <\/a><a href=\"\"><\/a>, Harvard Dataverse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e4fner, Leonard; Landwehr, Claudia; Stallbaum, Lea (2023): German Legislators&#8217; Conceptions of Democracy and Process Preferences: Results from a New Survey. <em>German Politics<\/em> 34(2), 277-302. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09644008.2023.2279183\">10.1080\/09644008.2023.2279183 <\/a><a href=\"\"><\/a>. <em>(Replication materials available on request)<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Landwehr, Claudia; H\u00e4fner, Leonard; Stallbaum, Lea (2023): German Legislator Survey 2022 (dataset). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7910\/DVN\/GUVA5P\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7910\/DVN\/GUVA5P <\/a><a href=\"\"><\/a>, Harvard Dataverse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Landwehr, Claudia; H\u00e4fner, Leonard; Stallbaum, Lea; Crowder-Meyer, Melody (25.09.2023): <a href=\"https:\/\/theorie.politik.uni-mainz.de\/files\/2023\/10\/Ergebnisbericht_us.pdf\">Results report on the American State Legislator Survey<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Landwehr, Claudia; H\u00e4fner, Leonard; Stallbaum, Lea (20.10.2022): <a href=\"https:\/\/theorie.politik.uni-mainz.de\/files\/2022\/10\/Ergebnisbericht_Demokratie_JGU2022.pdf\">Report on the results of the survey &#8220;What do members of German parliaments think about democracy?&#8221;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n<jgu-base-heading react-props=\"{\n    &quot;index&quot;: &quot;&lt;br&gt;&quot;,\n    &quot;tags&quot;: {\n        &quot;htmlTag&quot;: &quot;h4&quot;,\n        &quot;classTag&quot;: &quot;&quot;,\n        &quot;tag&quot;: &quot;h4&quot;\n    },\n    &quot;heading&quot;: &quot;Lectures&quot;,\n    &quot;textAlign&quot;: &quot;left&quot;,\n    &quot;anchor&quot;: &quot;&quot;,\n    &quot;color&quot;: &quot;red&quot;\n}\"><\/jgu-base-heading>\n\n\n<jgu-base-heading react-props=\"{\n    &quot;tags&quot;: {\n        &quot;htmlTag&quot;: &quot;h4&quot;,\n        &quot;classTag&quot;: &quot;&quot;,\n        &quot;tag&quot;: &quot;h4&quot;\n    },\n    &quot;heading&quot;: &quot;2024&quot;,\n    &quot;textAlign&quot;: &quot;left&quot;,\n    &quot;anchor&quot;: &quot;&quot;,\n    &quot;index&quot;: &quot;&quot;,\n    &quot;color&quot;: &quot;red&quot;\n}\"><\/jgu-base-heading>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Claudia Landwehr, Leonard H\u00e4fner and Lea Stallbaum: &#8220;Demokratiekonzeptionen von B\u00fcrger*innen und politischen Eliten in Deutschland und den USA&#8221;; Lecture on December 16, 2024 at the Trier Institute for Democracy and Party Research (TIDuP) at the University of Trier<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>29th DVPW Congress 2024 in G\u00f6ttingen<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Leonard H\u00e4fner: &#8220;People-centered or elite-centered democrats? Legislators&#8217; process preferences in the United States and Germany&#8221; (co-authors: Melody Crowder-Meyer, Claudia Landwehr, Lea Stallbaum); presentation on 26.09.2024 in the panel &#8220;Elites in Times of Crisis (2): Origin and Representation&#8221; <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lea Stallbaum: &#8220;Institutional Design Preferences Among German and US Citizens: Results from a Factorial Survey Experiment&#8221; (co-authors: Claudia Landwehr, Christopher Ojeda); presentation on 26.09.2024 in the panel &#8220;Attitudes towards Representative Democracy: Causes and Consequences of Different Conceptions of Democracy&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jonas Wenker: &#8220;A Democratic Pick and Mix: Mapping Conceptions of Democracy Among German Citizens&#8221; (co-authors: Leonard H\u00e4fner, Lea Stallbaum); lecture on 25.09.2024 in the panel &#8220;Conceptions of democracy among citizens and political elites &#8211; comparative perspectives&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>2024 APSA Annual Meeting and Exhibition in Philadelphia<\/strong><\/em>, Panel &#8220;Conceptions of Democracy among German and American Citizens and Political Elites&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Armin Sch\u00e4fer: &#8220;Who Wants Descriptive Representation, and Why?&#8221; (co-author: Claudia Landwehr); lecture on 06.09.2024<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Leonard H\u00e4fner: &#8220;Conceptions of Democracy and Styles of Representation&#8221;; Lecture on 06.09.2024<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Melody Crowder-Meyer: &#8220;People-centered or elite-centered democrats? Legislators&#8217; process preferences in the United States and Germany&#8221; (co-authors: Claudia Landwehr, Leonard H\u00e4fner, Lea Stallbaum); lecture on 06.09.2024 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lea Stallbaum: &#8220;Institutional Design Preferences Among German and US Citizens: Results from a Factorial Survey Experiment&#8221; (co-authors: Claudia Landwehr, Christopher Ojeda); lecture on 06.09.2024<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jonas Wenker: &#8220;A Democratic Pick and Mix: Mapping Conceptions of Democracy Among German Citizens&#8221; (co-authors: Leonard H\u00e4fner, Lea Stallbaum); Lecture on 06.09.2024<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Workshop &#8220;Citizen Perspectives on Democracy&#8221; in Mainz<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lea Stallbaum: &#8220;Institutional Design Preferences Among German and US citizens: Results from a Factorial Survey&#8221; (co-authors: Claudia Landwehr, Christopher Ojeda); lecture on 21.03.2024<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Melody Crowder-Meyer: &#8220;People-centered or institutional democrats? A study of German and US legislators&#8217; understandings of democracy&#8221; (co-authors: Claudia Landwehr, Leonard H\u00e4fner, Lea Stallbaum); lecture on 21.03.2024 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jonas Wenker: &#8220;Mapping Conceptions of Democracy among German Citizens&#8221; (co-authors: Leonard H\u00e4fner, Lea Stallbaum); lecture on 21.03.2024<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<jgu-base-heading react-props=\"{\n    &quot;tags&quot;: {\n        &quot;htmlTag&quot;: &quot;h4&quot;,\n        &quot;classTag&quot;: &quot;&quot;,\n        &quot;tag&quot;: &quot;h4&quot;\n    },\n    &quot;heading&quot;: &quot;2023&quot;,\n    &quot;textAlign&quot;: &quot;left&quot;,\n    &quot;anchor&quot;: &quot;&quot;,\n    &quot;index&quot;: &quot;&quot;,\n    &quot;color&quot;: &quot;red&quot;\n}\"><\/jgu-base-heading>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Claudia Landwehr: &#8220;Conceptions of Democracy in Germany and the United States&#8221;; Lecture on November 30, 2023 as part of the Obama Lecture of the Obama Institute for Transnational American Studies in Mainz<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Claudia Landwehr and Lea Stallbaum: &#8220;Preferences over Democratic Institutional Design among German and US Citizens&#8221;; lecture on October 30, 2023 at the Mainz Colloquium on Methods and Social Structure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Claudia Landwehr, Leonard H\u00e4fner and Lea Stallbaum: &#8220;Citizens&#8217; Conceptions of Democracy and Process Preferences: Results from a Vignette Study&#8221;; lecture on 20.04.2023 at the MZeDf&#8217;s Democracy Colloquium<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>ECPR General Conference in Prague, Section &#8220;Debating Democracy in\/and Europe&#8221;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Armin Sch\u00e4fer: &#8220;Who is Afraid of Descriptive Representation? Politicians and Citizens&#8217; Concepts of Representation&#8221;; lecture on 06.09.2023 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Leonard H\u00e4fner: &#8220;Conceptions of Democracy and Styles of Representation&#8221;; Lecture on 06.09.2023<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Workshop &#8220;Democratic Citizens and Political Elites&#8221; in Mainz<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Armin Sch\u00e4fer: &#8220;Who Is Afraid of Descriptive Representation?&#8221;; Lecture on 09.03.2023<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lea Stallbaum: &#8220;Conceptions of Democracy and Process Preferences in Party Manifestos: A Comparative Analysis&#8221;; Lecture on 09.03.2023<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Leonard H\u00e4fner: &#8220;German Legislators&#8217; Conceptions of Democracy and Process Preferences: Results from a New Survey&#8221;; Lecture on 09.03.2023<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<jgu-base-heading react-props=\"{\n    &quot;tags&quot;: {\n        &quot;htmlTag&quot;: &quot;h4&quot;,\n        &quot;classTag&quot;: &quot;&quot;,\n        &quot;tag&quot;: &quot;h4&quot;\n    },\n    &quot;heading&quot;: &quot;2022&quot;,\n    &quot;textAlign&quot;: &quot;left&quot;,\n    &quot;anchor&quot;: &quot;&quot;,\n    &quot;index&quot;: &quot;&quot;,\n    &quot;color&quot;: &quot;red&quot;\n}\"><\/jgu-base-heading>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Leonard H\u00e4fner and Lea Stallbaum: Conceptions of Democracy among German state MPs; 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Future Directions\\&quot; (with Rikki Dean)&quot;,\n    &quot;headlineColor&quot;: &quot;dark&quot;,\n    &quot;subline&quot;: &quot;&quot;,\n    &quot;children&quot;: &quot;&quot;,\n    &quot;icon&quot;: &quot;&quot;,\n    &quot;iconOverHeadline&quot;: false,\n    &quot;isPreview&quot;: false\n}\">\n    \n<\/jgu-base-alertbox><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/jgu-base-section>    <div style=\"display: none\">\n        \n    <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2025,"featured_media":0,"parent":11461,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[70],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11531","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-research"],"content_raw":"<!-- wp:jgu\/pageheader {\"items\":[{\"box\":{\"index\":\"Demokratiekonzeptionen von politischen Eliten und B\u00fcrgerinnen und B\u00fcrgern\",\"title\":\"Conceptions of Democracy among Political Elites and Citizens\",\"link\":{\"url\":\"\",\"title\":\"learn more\"}},\"color\":\"default\",\"image\":{\"url\":\"\"},\"imgCredit\":\"\",\"useVideo\":false,\"video\":false}],\"type\":\"border\",\"useBreadcrumb\":true} \/--><!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<li>Funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG)<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<li>Duration: 2022-2025, 2025-2026<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<li>Project leader: <a href=\"https:\/\/cms.zdv.uni-mainz.de\/fb02-theorie-politik\/en\/team\/univ-prof-dr-claudia-landwehr\/\">Prof. Dr. Claudia Landwehr<\/a><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<li>Project staff: <a href=\"https:\/\/cms.zdv.uni-mainz.de\/fb02-theorie-politik\/en\/?page_id=11617\">Leonard H\u00e4fner<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/cms.zdv.uni-mainz.de\/fb02-theorie-politik\/en\/team\/lea-stallbaum\/\">Lea Stallbaum<\/a><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><!-- wp:jgu\/section {\"color\": \"white\"} -->\n<div class=\"jgu-bgsection bg bg-white\"><div class=\"content padding-medium\"><!-- wp:jgu\/alertbox {\"headline\":\"\\u003cstrong\\u003eLatest news\\u003c\/strong\\u003e\",\"children\":\"Our paper \\u003ca href=\\u0022https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00323217241309965\\u0022\\u003eInstitutional Design Preferences Among German and US Citizens: Results from a Factorial Survey Experiment\\u003c\/a\\u003e, joint work with our project partner Christopher Ojeda (UC Merced), was published online first at Political Studies on January 2, 2025!\",\"icon\":\"bullhorn-solid\"} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:jgu\/button -->\n<!-- wp:jgu\/button-item {\"text\":\"Publications and lectures\",\"link\":{\"url\":\"https:\/\/cms.zdv.uni-mainz.de\/fb02-theorie-politik\/en\/forschung\/conceptions-of-democracy\/#publikationen\",\"linkTarget\":\"\",\"rel\":\"\"}} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:jgu\/button-item {\"text\":\"Events\",\"link\":{\"url\":\"https:\/\/cms.zdv.uni-mainz.de\/fb02-theorie-politik\/en\/forschung\/conceptions-of-democracy\/#veranstaltungen\",\"linkTarget\":\"\",\"rel\":\"\"}} \/-->\n<!-- \/wp:jgu\/button -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:media-text {\"mediaPosition\":\"right\",\"mediaId\":9729,\"mediaLink\":\"https:\/\/cms.zdv.uni-mainz.de\/fb02-theorie-politik\/conceptions-of-democracy-among-political-elites-and-citizens-demokratiekonzeptionen-von-politischen-eliten-und-buergerinnen-und-buergern\/poster_projectresults-scaled\/\",\"mediaType\":\"image\",\"mediaWidth\":27,\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"grid-template-columns:auto 27%\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"placeholder\":\"Content\u2026\",\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<p>We have summarized the results of the first term of our project (2022-2025) on a scientific poster <a href=\"https:\/\/theorie.politik.uni-mainz.de\/files\/2025\/01\/Poster_ProjectResults.pdf\">(PDF version<\/a>).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img src=\"https:\/\/cms.zdv.uni-mainz.de\/fb02-theorie-politik\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/832\/2025\/06\/Poster_ProjectResults-scaled-1-724x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9729 size-full\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:media-text --><\/div><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:jgu\/section --><!-- wp:jgu\/section {\"color\": \"light\"} -->\n<div class=\"jgu-bgsection bg bg-light\"><div class=\"content padding-medium\"><!-- wp:jgu\/heading {\"index\":\"\\u003cbr\\u003e\",\"tags\":{\"htmlTag\":\"h3\",\"classTag\":\"\",\"tag\":\"h3\"},\"heading\":\"About the project\"} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<p>Over the last decade, concerns about the prospects of liberal democracy have intensified. With the rise of populist parties and candidates, democratic institutions have come to be attacked in the name of democracy itself. Apparently, different social groups and political parties mean different things when they call for more and better democracy. Our project \"Conceptions of Democracy among Political Elites and Citizens\" set out in 2022 to identify and understand competing normative conceptions of democracy in Germany and the United States. Arguing that any assessment of the state and resilience of democracy needs to be informed about what political actors mean by and expect from democracy, the project was based on the overarching assumption that conceptions of democracy evolve in reciprocal communicative processes between citizens and political elites. In order to trace results of these processes in citizen and elite attitudes as well as political communication, we conducted surveys among German and US citizens and legislators as well as a qualitative content analysis of party manifestos. In the second funding period, we will complement the project's work packages with additional data and analyses: First, we will apply automated text analysis to analyze larger amounts of text and, in particular, parliamentary debates over the course of 25 years. Second, we will conduct an additional conjoint experiment to further elucidate relationships between normative conceptions of democracy and institutional design preferences. Third, we will complement our survey of federal and state legislators with a survey of elected representatives in local politics in Germany and the United States.        <\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:jgu\/section --><!-- wp:jgu\/section {\"color\": \"light\"} -->\n<div class=\"jgu-bgsection bg bg-light\"><div class=\"content padding-medium\"><!-- wp:jgu\/heading {\"anchor\":\"publikationen\",\"tags\":{\"htmlTag\":\"h3\",\"classTag\":\"\",\"tag\":\"h3\"},\"heading\":\"Publications and lectures\"} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:jgu\/heading {\"index\":\"\\u003cbr\\u003e\",\"tags\":{\"htmlTag\":\"h4\",\"classTag\":\"\",\"tag\":\"h4\"},\"heading\":\"Publications\"} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<p>H\u00e4fner, Leonard (2025): Conceptions of Democracy and Styles of Representation Among Legislators in the United States and Germany, Representation, online first. DOI: 10.1080\/00344893.2025.2514516. <\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<p>Landwehr, Claudia; Ojeda, Christopher; Stallbaum, Lea (2025): Institutional Design Preferences Among German and US Citizens: Results from a Factorial Survey Experiment. <em>Political Studies<\/em>, online first. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00323217241309965\">10.1177\/00323217241309965 <\/a><a href=\"\"><\/a>. <\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<p>Landwehr, Claudia; Crowder-Meyer, Melody; H\u00e4fner, Leonard; Stallbaum, Lea; Weing\u00e4rtner, Paul (2024): American Legislator Survey 2023 (dataset). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7910\/DVN\/3H1YYH\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7910\/DVN\/3H1YYH <\/a><a href=\"\"><\/a>, Harvard Dataverse.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<p>H\u00e4fner, Leonard; Landwehr, Claudia; Stallbaum, Lea (2023): German Legislators' Conceptions of Democracy and Process Preferences: Results from a New Survey. <em>German Politics<\/em> 34(2), 277-302. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09644008.2023.2279183\">10.1080\/09644008.2023.2279183 <\/a><a href=\"\"><\/a>. <em>(Replication materials available on request)<\/em> <\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<p>Landwehr, Claudia; H\u00e4fner, Leonard; Stallbaum, Lea (2023): German Legislator Survey 2022 (dataset). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7910\/DVN\/GUVA5P\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7910\/DVN\/GUVA5P <\/a><a href=\"\"><\/a>, Harvard Dataverse.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<p>Landwehr, Claudia; H\u00e4fner, Leonard; Stallbaum, Lea; Crowder-Meyer, Melody (25.09.2023): <a href=\"https:\/\/theorie.politik.uni-mainz.de\/files\/2023\/10\/Ergebnisbericht_us.pdf\">Results report on the American State Legislator Survey<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<p>Landwehr, Claudia; H\u00e4fner, Leonard; Stallbaum, Lea (20.10.2022): <a href=\"https:\/\/theorie.politik.uni-mainz.de\/files\/2022\/10\/Ergebnisbericht_Demokratie_JGU2022.pdf\">Report on the results of the survey \"What do members of German parliaments think about democracy?\"<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:jgu\/heading {\"index\":\"\\u003cbr\\u003e\",\"tags\":{\"htmlTag\":\"h4\",\"classTag\":\"\",\"tag\":\"h4\"},\"heading\":\"Lectures\"} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:jgu\/heading {\"tags\":{\"htmlTag\":\"h4\",\"classTag\":\"\",\"tag\":\"h4\"},\"heading\":\"2024\"} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<li>Claudia Landwehr, Leonard H\u00e4fner and Lea Stallbaum: \"Demokratiekonzeptionen von B\u00fcrger*innen und politischen Eliten in Deutschland und den USA\"; Lecture on December 16, 2024 at the Trier Institute for Democracy and Party Research (TIDuP) at the University of Trier<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<p><strong><em>29th DVPW Congress 2024 in G\u00f6ttingen<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<li>Leonard H\u00e4fner: \"People-centered or elite-centered democrats? Legislators' process preferences in the United States and Germany\" (co-authors: Melody Crowder-Meyer, Claudia Landwehr, Lea Stallbaum); presentation on 26.09.2024 in the panel \"Elites in Times of Crisis (2): Origin and Representation\" <\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<li>Lea Stallbaum: \"Institutional Design Preferences Among German and US Citizens: Results from a Factorial Survey Experiment\" (co-authors: Claudia Landwehr, Christopher Ojeda); presentation on 26.09.2024 in the panel \"Attitudes towards Representative Democracy: Causes and Consequences of Different Conceptions of Democracy\"<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<li>Jonas Wenker: \"A Democratic Pick and Mix: Mapping Conceptions of Democracy Among German Citizens\" (co-authors: Leonard H\u00e4fner, Lea Stallbaum); lecture on 25.09.2024 in the panel \"Conceptions of democracy among citizens and political elites - comparative perspectives\"<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em><strong>2024 APSA Annual Meeting and Exhibition in Philadelphia<\/strong><\/em>, Panel \"Conceptions of Democracy among German and American Citizens and Political Elites\"<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<li>Armin Sch\u00e4fer: \"Who Wants Descriptive Representation, and Why?\" (co-author: Claudia Landwehr); lecture on 06.09.2024<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<li>Leonard H\u00e4fner: \"Conceptions of Democracy and Styles of Representation\"; Lecture on 06.09.2024<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<li>Melody Crowder-Meyer: \"People-centered or elite-centered democrats? Legislators' process preferences in the United States and Germany\" (co-authors: Claudia Landwehr, Leonard H\u00e4fner, Lea Stallbaum); lecture on 06.09.2024 <\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<li>Lea Stallbaum: \"Institutional Design Preferences Among German and US Citizens: Results from a Factorial Survey Experiment\" (co-authors: Claudia Landwehr, Christopher Ojeda); lecture on 06.09.2024<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<li>Jonas Wenker: \"A Democratic Pick and Mix: Mapping Conceptions of Democracy Among German Citizens\" (co-authors: Leonard H\u00e4fner, Lea Stallbaum); Lecture on 06.09.2024<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em><strong>Workshop \"Citizen Perspectives on Democracy\" in Mainz<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<li>Lea Stallbaum: \"Institutional Design Preferences Among German and US citizens: Results from a Factorial Survey\" (co-authors: Claudia Landwehr, Christopher Ojeda); lecture on 21.03.2024<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<li>Melody Crowder-Meyer: \"People-centered or institutional democrats? A study of German and US legislators' understandings of democracy\" (co-authors: Claudia Landwehr, Leonard H\u00e4fner, Lea Stallbaum); lecture on 21.03.2024 <\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<li>Jonas Wenker: \"Mapping Conceptions of Democracy among German Citizens\" (co-authors: Leonard H\u00e4fner, Lea Stallbaum); lecture on 21.03.2024<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:jgu\/heading {\"tags\":{\"htmlTag\":\"h4\",\"classTag\":\"\",\"tag\":\"h4\"},\"heading\":\"2023\"} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<li>Claudia Landwehr: \"Conceptions of Democracy in Germany and the United States\"; Lecture on November 30, 2023 as part of the Obama Lecture of the Obama Institute for Transnational American Studies in Mainz<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<li>Claudia Landwehr and Lea Stallbaum: \"Preferences over Democratic Institutional Design among German and US Citizens\"; lecture on October 30, 2023 at the Mainz Colloquium on Methods and Social Structure<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<li>Claudia Landwehr, Leonard H\u00e4fner and Lea Stallbaum: \"Citizens' Conceptions of Democracy and Process Preferences: Results from a Vignette Study\"; lecture on 20.04.2023 at the MZeDf's Democracy Colloquium<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<p><strong><em>ECPR General Conference in Prague, Section \"Debating Democracy in\/and Europe\"<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<li>Armin Sch\u00e4fer: \"Who is Afraid of Descriptive Representation? Politicians and Citizens' Concepts of Representation\"; lecture on 06.09.2023 <\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<li>Leonard H\u00e4fner: \"Conceptions of Democracy and Styles of Representation\"; Lecture on 06.09.2023<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em><strong>Workshop \"Democratic Citizens and Political Elites\" in Mainz<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<li>Armin Sch\u00e4fer: \"Who Is Afraid of Descriptive Representation?\"; Lecture on 09.03.2023<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<li>Lea Stallbaum: \"Conceptions of Democracy and Process Preferences in Party Manifestos: A Comparative Analysis\"; Lecture on 09.03.2023<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<li>Leonard H\u00e4fner: \"German Legislators' Conceptions of Democracy and Process Preferences: Results from a New Survey\"; Lecture on 09.03.2023<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:jgu\/heading {\"tags\":{\"htmlTag\":\"h4\",\"classTag\":\"\",\"tag\":\"h4\"},\"heading\":\"2022\"} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item {\"translatedWithWPMLTM\":\"1\"} -->\n<li>Leonard H\u00e4fner and Lea Stallbaum: Conceptions of Democracy among German state MPs; lecture on July 14, 2022 at the workshop \"Procedural Consensus and Dissent\" in Mainz<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/div><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:jgu\/section --><!-- wp:jgu\/section {\"color\": \"white\"} -->\n<div class=\"jgu-bgsection bg bg-white\"><div class=\"content padding-medium\"><!-- wp:jgu\/heading {\"anchor\":\"veranstaltungen\",\"tags\":{\"htmlTag\":\"h2\",\"classTag\":\"\",\"tag\":\"h2\"},\"heading\":\"Events\"} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"50px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\"><!-- wp:column -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\"><!-- wp:jgu\/image {\"image\":{\"url\":null,\"id\":11428}} \/--><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\"><!-- wp:jgu\/image {\"image\":{\"url\":null,\"id\":10764}} \/--><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\"><!-- wp:jgu\/alertbox {\"headline\":\"04.02.2025 in Mainz: Guest lecture by our project partner Melody Crowder-Meyer at the Political Science Research Lab\\u003cbr\\u003e\"} \/--><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"50px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\"><!-- wp:column -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\"><!-- wp:jgu\/image {\"image\":{\"url\":null,\"id\":10767}} \/--><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\"><!-- wp:jgu\/image {\"image\":{\"url\":null,\"id\":10765}} \/--><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\"><!-- wp:jgu\/alertbox {\"headline\":\"05. to 08.09.2024 in Philadelphia: Panel \\u0022Conceptions of Democracy among German and American Citizens and Political Elites\\u0022 at the 2024 APSA Annual Meeting\\u003cbr\\u003e\"} \/--><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"50px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\"><!-- wp:column -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\"><!-- wp:jgu\/image {\"image\":{\"url\":null,\"id\":10762}} \/--><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\"><!-- wp:jgu\/image {\"image\":{\"url\":null,\"id\":10747}} \/--><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\"><!-- wp:jgu\/alertbox {\"headline\":\"21. and 22.03.2024 in Mainz: Workshop \\u0022Citizen Perspectives on Democracy: Aspirations, Evaluations, and Deficits\\u0022\"} \/--><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"50px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:jgu\/alertbox {\"headline\":\"04. to 08.09.2023 in Prague: Section \\u0022Debating Democracy in\/and Europe\\u0022 at the ECPR General Conference (with Claudia Wiesner)\"} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"50px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:jgu\/alertbox {\"image\":{\"id\":null,\"url\":null,\"credit\":\"\"},\"headline\":\"09. and 10.03.2023 in Mainz: Workshop \\u0022Democratic Citizens and Political Elites: Communication, Interaction, and Congruence\\u0022\\u003cbr\\u003e\",\"children\":\"\\u003ca href=\\u0022https:\/\/cms.zdv.uni-mainz.de\/fb02-theorie-politik\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/832\/2025\/07\/Program_WorkshopMainz-1.pdf\\u0022\\u003eHere you can find the program.\\u003c\/a\\u003e\"} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"50px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:jgu\/alertbox {\"headline\":\"14.07.2022 in Mainz: Workshop \\u0022Procedural Consensus and Dissent: How Citizens and Elites View Democracy and Decision-Making Processes\\u0022\",\"children\":\"\\u003ca href=\\u0022https:\/\/cms.zdv.uni-mainz.de\/fb02-theorie-politik\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/832\/2025\/07\/Workshop-140722.pdf\\u0022\\u003eHere you can find the program.\\u003c\/a\\u003e\"} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"50px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\"><!-- wp:column -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\"><!-- wp:jgu\/image {\"image\":{\"url\":null,\"id\":10771}} \/--><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\"><!-- wp:jgu\/image {\"image\":{\"url\":null,\"id\":10774}} \/--><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\"><!-- wp:jgu\/alertbox {\"headline\":\"01. and 02.03.2022 in Frankfurt am Main: Workshop \\u0022Citizens' Conceptions of Democracy and Political Process Preferences: State of the Art and Future Directions\\u0022 (with Rikki Dean)\"} \/--><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns --><\/div><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:jgu\/section 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